Introduction to Logic, Fifteenth Edition [15th Ed] (Complete Instructor's Resources, Solution Manual) (Solutions)

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Brief Contents
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
A Very Brief History of Logic
Part I LOGIC AND LANGUAGE
	SECTION A REASONING
		chapter 1 Basic Logical Concepts
			1.1 What Logic Is
			1.2 Propositions and Arguments
			1.3 Recognizing Arguments
			1.4 Arguments and Explanations
			1.5 Deductive and Inductive Arguments
			1.6 Validity and Truth
		chapter 2 Analyzing Arguments
			2.1 Paraphrasing Arguments
			2.2 Diagramming Arguments
			2.3 Complex Argumentative Passages
			2.4 Problems in Reasoning
	SECTION Β INFORMAL LOGIC
		chapter 3 Language and Definitions
			3.1 Language Functions
			3.2 Emotive Language, Neutral Language, and Disputes
			3.3 Disputes and Ambiguity
			3.4 Definitions and Their Uses
			3.5 The Structure of Definitions: Extension and Intension
			3.6 Definition by Genus and Difference
		chapter 4 Fallacies
			4.1 What Is a Fallacy?
			4.2 Classification of Fallacies
			4.3 Fallacies of Relevance
			4.4 Fallacies of Defective Induction
			4.5 Fallacies of Presumption
			4.6 Fallacies of Ambiguity
			Logic in the Real World
Part II DEDUCTION
	SECTION A SYLLOGISTIC LOGIC
		chapters 5 Categorical Propositions
			5.1 The Theory of Deduction
			5.2 Classes and Categorical Propositions
			5.3 The Four Kinds of Categorical Propositions
			5.4 Quality, Quantity, and Distribution
			5.5 The Traditional Square of Opposition
			5.6 Further Immediate Inferences
			5.7 Existential Import and the Interpretation of Categorical Propositions
			5.8 Symbolism and Diagrams for Categorical Propositions
		chapter 6 Categorical Syllogisms
			6.1 Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms
			6.2 The Formal Nature of Syllogistic Argument
			6.3 Venn Diagram Technique for Testing Syllogisms
			6.4 Syllogistic Rules and Syllogistic Fallacies
			6.5 Exposition of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism
			Appendix: Deduction of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism
		chapter 7 Syllogisms in Ordinary Language
			7.1 Syllogistic Arguments
			7.2 Reducing the Number of Terms to Three
			7.3 Translating Categorical Propositions into Standard Form
			7.4 Uniform Translation
			7.5 Enthymemes
			7.6 Sorites
			7.7 Disjunctive and Hypothetical Syllogisms
			7.8 The Dilemma
	SECTION Β MODERN SYMBOLIC LOGIC
		chapter 8 Propositional Logic I: Truth-Functional Statements and Arguments
			8.1 Modern Logic and Its Symbolic Language
			8.2 Truth-Functionality: Simple Statements and Compound Statements
			8.3 Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction
			8.4 Conditional Statements and Material Implication
			8.5 Argument Forms and Refutation by Logical Analogy
			8.6 The Precise Meaning of "Valid" and "Invalid"
			8.7 Testing Argument Validity Using Truth Tables: The Complete Truth-Table Method (CTTM)
			8.8 Some Common Argument Forms
			8.9 Statement Forms and Material Equivalence
			8.10 Logical Equivalence
			8.11 The Three "Laws of Thought": Principles of Logic
		chapter 9 Propositional Logic II: Methods of Deduction
			9.1 Formal Proof of Validity
			9.2 The Elementary Valid Argument Forms
			9.3 Formal Proofs of Validity Exhibited
			9.4 Constructing Formal Proofs of Validity
			9.5 Constructing More Extended Formal Proofs
			9.6 Expanding the Rules of Inference: Replacement Rules
			9.7 The System of Natural Deduction
			9.8 Constructing Formal Proofs Using the Nineteen Rules of Inference
			9.9 Shorter Truth-Table Technique (STTT)
			9.10 Inconsistency
			9.11 Conditional Proof
			9.12 Indirect Proof
			9.13 Sound Arguments and Demonstrative Arguments Distinguished
		chapter 10 Predicate Logic: Quantification Theory
			10.1 The Need for Quantification
			10.2 Singular Propositions
			10.3 Universal and Existential Quantifiers
			10.4 Traditional Subject-Predicate Propositions
			10.5 Proving Validity
			10.6 Proving Invalidity
			10.7 Asyllogistic Inference
			Logic in the Real World
Part III INDUCTION
	SECTION A ANALOGY AND CAUSATION
		chapter 11 Analogical Reasoning
			11.1 Induction and Deduction Revisited
			11.2 Argument by Analogy
			11.3 Appraising Analogical Arguments
			11.4 Refutation by Logical Analogy
		chapter 12 Causal Reasoning
			12.1 Cause and Effect
			12.2 Causal Laws and the Uniformity of Nature
			12.3 Induction by Simple Enumeration
			12.4 Methods of Causal Analysis
			12.5 Limitations of Inductive Techniques
	SECTION Β SCIENCE AND PROBABILITY
		chapter 13 Science and Hypothesis
			13.1 Scientific Explanation
			13.2 Scientific Inquiry: Hypothesis and Confirmation
			13.3 Evaluating Competing Scientific Explanations
			13.4 Classification as Hypothesis
		chapter 14 Probability
			14.1 Alternative Conceptions of Probability
			14.2 The Probability Calculus
			14.3 Probability in Everyday Life
			Logic in the Real World
Appendix A: The Efficiency of the STTT: Selecting the Most Efficient Sequence of STTT Steps
Appendix Β: Step 1 Calculations for Multiple-Line Shorter Truth Tables
Appendix C: Unforced Truth-Value Assignments, Invalid Arguments, and Maxims III-V
Appendix D: Graduate-Level Admission Tests
Solutions to Selected Exercises
Photo Credits
Glossary/Index
Logic Overviews